c. 1438–1533 CEAndes (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile)
Inca
Discovery Momentum
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The largest pre-Columbian empire in the Americas, spanning the Andes with a vast road network and precision dry-stone architecture.
Religion
Inti (sun god) worship, ancestor veneration; the Sapa Inca as divine ruler.
Technology
Quipu knot records, monumental terracing, advanced metallurgy, no written language.
Writing
No script — used quipu (knotted cords) for records.
Architecture
Ashlar masonry, terraces, Machu Picchu, Sacsayhuamán.
Major sites
1 known locations
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